This study identified the mechanism by which the tripeptide KPV is taken up in the gut: via PepT1, a di- and tripeptide transporter expressed in the small intestine and upregulated in inflamed colon tissue. Using human intestinal epithelial and T cell lines plus two mouse colitis models, the authors showed KPV is transported into cells by PepT1 and reduces inflammatory signaling. It provides a described transport route by which a small oral peptide can be absorbed intact rather than fully degraded. This is cell and animal model evidence and does not establish efficacy or safety in human populations.
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KPV enters intestinal cells via PepT1, supporting oral absorption intact; relevant when discussing gut-targeted peptide protocols.